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Attack on Titan (Japanese: 進撃の巨人Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin, lit. 'Attacking/Charging Giant') is a Japanese manga series both written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a fantasy world where humanity lives within territories surrounded by three enormous walls that protect them from gigantic man-eating humanoids referred to as Titans.

The series first began in Kodansha's Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine on September 9, 2009, and it has been collected into 28 tankōbon volumes as of April 2019. Attack on Titan has become a critical and commercial success. As of April 2019, the manga has 90million tankōbon copies in print worldwide (80 million in Japan and 10 million outside of Japan), making it one of the best-selling manga series.^[6][7][8] It has won several awards, including the Kodansha Manga Award,^[9]Micheluzzi Awards,^[10] and Harvey Award.^[11]

The animetelevision adaptation, produced by Wit Studio, has also been well received by critics with the first three seasons being met with critical acclaim with praise for its story, animation, music and voice acting, and has proved to be extremely successful in both Japan and the U.S., thus boosting the series' popularity. Although it also gained fame in neighboring Asian countries, political interpretations of the series caused controversies in China and South Korea.

• 1Synopsis
• 3Media

Synopsis

Setting

In an alternate reality, a human named Ymir Fritz became a humanoid giant called a Titan (巨人Kyojin) 1,800 years ago after making a contract with the 'Devil of All Earth'. Though she died 13 years later as side-effect of her new power, it was divided and passed on through her daughters before being divided into nine individuals who established the Eldian Empire. The Founding Titan remained with the Fritz family as they conquered the Marley nation and ruled over it for 1,700 years. But a century before the events of the main storyline, the Eldian king Karl Fritz was disillusioned by his family legacy and orchestrated his nation's downfall with Marley making the Eldians that remained into second class citizens while threatening to exile them to Paradis as mindless Pure Titans.

Karl took the remainder to the island of Paradis and used countless Colossal Titan bodies to construct a walled city with three enormous curtain walls: the outermost being Wall Maria (ウォール・マリアWōru Maria); the middle wall is Wall Rose (ウォール・ローゼWōru Rōze, sometimes pronounced like rosé) and the innermost is Wall Sheena (ウォール・シーナWōru Shīna, alt. 'Wall Sina').

Shingeki No Kyojin Season 3

Karl then used the Founding Titan's power to erase the memories of most of the Eldians with those unaffected either bribed into nobility or made into outcasts like the Ackerman family who served the Fritz family. Due to the Founding Titan's power, Karl influenced his direct descendants into continuing his work of ruling the Eldians within the walls through promoting fear of attack by Titans, who are Eldians that the Marleyians transformed and exiled on Paradis to terrorize the island's residents.

Due to Karl influencing his direct descendants via the Founding Titan power into continuing the deception, the Eldians on Paradis island believe that they are the only remaining humans and assumed the Titans were responsible. Unlike those who possess the Titan power, the Pure Titans are barely conscious as they instinctively attack and eat any human on sight. Their skin is tough and difficult to penetrate, and they regenerate quickly from injuries, except for a weak spot at the nape of their neck. The Paradis Eldians developed their own military branches to combat the Titans, the foremost being Survey Corps (調査兵団Chōsa Heidan) who attempt to reclaim territory taken by the Titans and are heavily derided in society because of their apparently senseless high casualty rate and little sense of progress. The second and largest branch is the Garrison Regiment (駐屯兵団Chūton Heidan), who guard the walls and the civilian populace. The third branch is the Military Police Brigade (憲兵団Kenpeidan), who guard the royal family and live relatively relaxed lives in the innermost wall, although this eventually results in fraud, corruption, and political subterfuge. The soldiers use a grappling, tethering system called Vertical Maneuvering Equipment (立体機動装置Rittai Kidō Sōchi) that allow them to jump onto (and swing from) walls, trees, or nearby buildings to attack Titans with dual swords, using gas canisters to propel themselves. However, despite it being the soldiers' primary line of both offense and defense against the Titans, it is useless in open and flat terrain like fields.

Inside the walls, the Paradis Eldians lived in uneasy peace for one hundred years with many people growing up without ever having seen a Titan. But this all changes when a group of Marley Eldians known as the Warriors were dispatched to Paradis to acquire the Founding Titan from Karl Fritz's descendants, the Reiss family. Through the action of the holders of the Colossal Titan and Armored Titan destroying Walls Maria and Rose, they ensured they and their comrades would be able to mingle among the survivors of the resulting massacre, the remaining Paradis Eldians living there being forced into the inner districts with the sudden population influx causing turmoil and famine.

Plot

Eren Yeager lives with his foster sister Mikasa Ackerman and best friend Armin Arlert in the town of Shiganshina adjacent to Wall Maria, outermost of three circular walls protecting humanity from man-eating Titans that are said to have killed all other humans one hundred years prior. When Shiganshina and Wall Maria are breached by the Colossal and Armored Titans, invading Titans force humanity to retreat behind Wall Rose with Eren's mother among the casualties. Following the disappearance of his father Grisha, having only hazy memories and a key to their home's cellar, a vengeful Eren enlists in the military along with Mikasa and Armin, swearing to eradicate every last Titan.

Five years later, the three cadet graduates are positioned in the Trost district adjacent to Wall Rose when the Colossal Titan breaches the city gate. During the subsequent Titan invasion, Eren is eaten but survives after creating and controlling a Titan's body which he uses to seal Trost's breach. Following a military tribunal over his abilities, Eren is assigned to the Survey Corps squad under Captain Levi, Mikasa, Armin, and many of their fellow cadets following suit. Previously unaware of his abilities, Eren suspects his father's basement holds answers as the Scouts attempt an expedition to Shiganshina. But it fails due to a Female Titan attempting to abduct Eren, Armin deducing the Titan as their fellow cadet classmate Annie Leonhart who possesses abilities akin to Eren's. After a violent battle with Eren in Stohess that ends in Eren's victory, Annie encases herself in crystal to avoid capture. The collateral damage from the fight reveals massive titans within the walls.

Following the appearance of the Beast Titan behind Wall Rose, Eren is kidnapped by his fellow cadets Reiner Braun and Bertolt Hoover, who reveal themselves as the Titans who compromised Wall Maria. The two Warriors explain that they and Annie were sent to retrieve the titan-controlling 'Coordinate' power that Eren possesses. Eren manifests this power during an encounter with the Titan who killed his mother, allowing him and his friends to escape while the rogue Titan Shifter Ymir remains behind. The Scouts are then targeted by a conspiracy led by Rod Reiss and learn their fellow cadet Krista Lenz is Rod's illegitimate daughter Historia Reiss. After Eren and Historia were captured by Kenny Ackerman, Rod reveals how his family maintained the order the King established in the walls until Grisha stole the Founding Titan during Wall Maria's fall. Grisha is revealed to be a Titan Shifter who passed his power to Eren, turning his son into a Titan to devour him. Rod intended Historia to reclaim the Founding Titan from Eren, but she refuses to continue the status quo and chooses to save Eren instead. After Rod transforms himself into a gigantic mindless Titan in desperation, Historia kills her father in the ensuing battle, declaring herself as the new queen and using her new status to give the military authority over government affairs. The events also gave Levi a vial of Titan serum and Eren the ability to harden his Titan form, which the Survey Corps decide to implement in sealing Wall Maria's breach along with their new Thunder Spear weapons.

But the Scouts are ambushed by the Warriors and their superior Zeke, the Beast Titan, in a battle that ended with most of their members dead, Armin and Commander Erwin Smith fatally wounded, and Bertolt subdued. Placed in a difficult situation, Levi ultimately decides to use the Titan serum to save Armin instead of Erwin. After Armin acquires the Colossal Titan by devouring Bertolt, the survivors recover Grisha's memoirs from the Yeagers' basement and learn the truth of being descendants of the Eldians who fled to Paradis while those who remained on the main land became second-class citizens in the nation of Marley. Grisha's memoir reveals how he and his wife Dina Fritz, a descendant of the King's bloodline, were restorationists exiled to Paradis when their son Zeke exposed their activities. While Dina turned into the Titan that killed Eren's mother, Grisha was saved by his movement's informant Eren Kruger, before he is given the Attack Titan power and the task to retrieve the Founding Titan. While Eren learns he can use the 'Coordinate' through physical contact with anyone of the Fritz bloodline, he also learns the those with the Titan Power have their lifespan shortened.

During the four-year period after the Battle of Shiganshina, Marley engaging a combined offense as conventional anti-Titan weapons are developed, Zeke secretly has his emissary Yelena arrive to Paradis with an envoy from the Hizuru nation who Mikasa's mother is descended from. Zeke proposed passing his Titan power to Historia to help Eren deter foreign invasion until Hizuru modernizes Paradis, the arrangement requiring Historia to sire children to availability of the Founding Titan's power. Eren disapproves of this arrangement and decides to lead an unauthorized infiltration into Marley to extract Zeke. The Warriors fear the military obsolescence may lead to their people's genocide as they work with the influential Willy Tybur, whose family possess the War Hammer Titan, to gain global support for a resumed offensive on Paradis. Tybur holds a rally in the Eldian ghetto of Liberio with foreign dignitaries in attendance, revealing how the Eldian Empire fell was caused by its 145th King and that Eren's actions threaten world peace. Eren confronts Reiner before assassinating Tybur as he openly declares war on Paradis. With the aid of the Survey Corps in the ensuing battle, Eren defeats the War Hammer Titan, steals its power, and extracts Zeke. But on route to Paradis, Eren's friend Sasha Blouse is killed by Gabi Braun, Warrior candidate and Reiner's cousin who stowed away along with her friend Falco Grice.

Eren is detained for insubordination and his friends express doubt in his loyalties to them and Paradis over Zeke, citing Eren killing innocents and being indirectly responsible for Sasha's death. It is revealed that Historia is pregnant, preventing the Corps from immediately passing the Beast Titan to her and forcing them to place Zeke under Levi's watch. Suspected of arranging Historia's pregnancy to prolong Zeke's life, Yelena and her followers are arrested. The military's leaders distrust Eren and plan to relinquish his power following the discovery of his secret correspondence with Zeke and Yelena, prompting nationalist rebels loyal to Eren to assassinate the commander-in-chief. Eren escapes his cell and seeks out Zeke alongside his Yeagerist supporters. Meanwhile, the Warriors infiltrate Paradis in advance of a multinational counterattack against the island. Zeke tries to escape from Levi but is defeated and captured, remaining his past as a Warrior trainee under the mentorship of Tom Xaver, an Eldian scientist and the previous holder of the Beast Titan. Levi transports him to somewhere, during which a Thunder Spear blast unexpectedly leaving both of them mortally wounded. But Zeke is saved by a mysterious titan and found by Floch and the Yeagerists, while Hange escapes with Levi's motionless body by jumping into a river. It also revealed that wine imported from Marley to Paradis contains Zeke's spinal fluid, turning those drank the tainted wine into Titans that act on Zeke's command. Realizing they are at the mercy of Zeke and the Yeagerists, Pixis orders his troops to stand down.

At the same time, Gabi and Falco escape their holding area and unknowingly reached Sasha's home. There, they meet a girl, Kaya, whom Sasha had saved from a Titan four years ago; the girl was then adopted by Sasha's family. They go to a restaurant run by Nicolo, a Marylean soldier who was captured a year after the Shiganshina battle. Nicolo became a chef and made food which was enjoyed by Sasha and the others. Nicolo realizes Gabi ended Sasha's life, and he furiously attacks her with a wine bottle. However, Falco jumps in the way and saves Gabi, with him taking the full force of the bottle. Falco falls unconscious, while Gabi is taken to the Braus family, where they are informed of her role in Sasha's death. Sasha's father forgives Gabi, stating that Sasha was raised as a hunter, and that the world was one big forest full of wild animals, meaning that Sasha knew the consequences of war. As Kaya is restrained from attacking Gabi in anger, Nicolo informs Hange to wash Falco's mouth, because the wine bottle that injured him contained Zeke's spinal fluid.

Eren makes his way to the restaurant and meets with Gabi, Mikasa and Armin. He explains that he knows of the Ackerman clan and how they can manifest Titan powers even though they cannot transform. He states that the Ackermans need a host, or a subject to protect. He states that that Ackermans can experience severe headaches, a sign that their 'real self' is resisting their genetic need to protect their host, something Mikasa has experienced before. Eren states that the real Mikasa disappeared the day he saved her from human traffickers. He derisively calls Mikasa a slave, stating that he always hated her. Enraged, Armin attacks Eren, only to be stopped and slammed onto the table by a surprised Mikasa, proving Eren's point. Eren effortlessly beats up Armin, and then orders him, Mikasa, and Gabi to be taken to Shiganshina and imprisoned. Armin says Eren is the real slave, following Zeke seemingly without question. Jean and Connie had also been imprisoned on the orders of Floch, who has left Survey Corps soldier and is now loyal to the Yeagerists. Floch reveals that he knew of the tainted wine all along. However, when Eren enters Gabi's cell to ask her to help make contact with Marley, he is suddenly ambushed and held at gunpoint by Pieck, the Cart Titan. Eren calls her bluff, however, and in their subsequent conversation, Pieck claims to switch sides, and that she will help him find the other Warriors who have infiltrated Paradis. However, she leads Eren into a trap, and he is attacked by Porco Galliard, the Jaw Titan. As Eren transforms and fights off the attack, Marleyan airships arrive with parachute regiments, and he realizes that Reiner is leading the attack. While Eren fights Porco, Yelena and the Yeagerists manage to make contact with him. Eren ignores her and keeps fighting. Reiner joins the battle and starts to gain the upper hand, with Eren being shot by an anti-Titan weapon. However, Eren is saved by Zeke, who transforms into the Beast Titan.

Production

Hajime Isayama created a 65-page one-shot version of Attack on Titan in 2006.^[12] Originally, he also offered his work to the Weekly Shōnen Jump department at Shueisha, where he was advised to modify his style and story to be more suitable for Jump. He declined and instead decided to take it to the Weekly Shōnen Magazine department at Kodansha.^[13] Before serialization began in 2009, he had already thought of ideas for twists, although they are fleshed out as the series progresses. The author initially based the scenery in the manga on that of his hometown of Hita, Ōita, which is surrounded by mountains.^[14] While working at an internet cafe, Isayama encountered a customer who grabbed him by the collar. It was this incident that showed him 'the fear of meeting a person I can't communicate with,' which is the feeling that he conveys through the Titans.^[15] When designing the appearances of the Titans, he uses several models such as martial artist Yushin Okami for Eren Yeager's Titan form^[16] as well as Brock Lesnar for the Armored Titan.^[17]George Wada, the anime's producer, stated that the 'Wall of Fear' was influenced by the isolated and enclosed nature of Japanese culture.^[18] He also said that the inner feelings of every individual is one of the series' main influences.^[18] Isayama later would confirm that Attack on Titan was inspired in part by Muv-Luv Alternative, the second visual novel in the Muv-Luv visual novel series.^[19]

Isayama estimated his basic monthly timeline as one week to storyboard and three weeks to actually draw the chapter. The story is planned out in advance, even marking down in which collected volumes a specific 'truth' will be revealed.^[16] In September 2013, he stated that he was aiming to end the series in 20 collected volumes.^[20] Originally, Isayama planned to give the series a tragic conclusion similar to that of the film adaptation of Stephen King's The Mist, where every character dies. However, positive response to the manga and anime has caused the author to contemplate changing the ending due to the impact it could have on fans.^[21][22]

In November 2018, the Japanese documentary program Jōnetsu Tairiku aired an episode about Isayama's struggles to complete the manga, in which he stated that Attack on Titan has entered its final story arc.^[23]

Media

Manga

Hajime Isayama's original manga serial, Attack on Titan commenced publication in Kodansha's monthly publication Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine starting with the September 2009 issue. The first tankōbon collected volume was released on March 17, 2010. The most recent, volume 22, was released on April 7, 2017.^[24] In November 2014, the manga had 45 million copies in print.^[25] By September 2016, the number had increased to 60 million.^[26] The series' twelfth collected volume was given a first printing of 2.2 million copies, making Attack on Titan one of only two manga series ever to get an initial print surpassing 2 million, the other being One Piece.^[27] Volume 13 has the highest initial first print of the series so far, with 2,750,000 copies. It is also the first print run record for its publisher, Kodansha.^[28]

A chibi parody spin-off comedy based on the series, titled Attack on Titan: Junior High (進撃！巨人中学校Shingeki! Kyojin Chūgakkō) and written by Saki Nakagawa, began serialization in Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine's May 2012 issue. It follows the main characters as they battle the Titans while in junior high school.^[29] Another manga series based on the prequel light novels Attack on Titan: Before the Fall started running in Kodansha's Monthly Shōnen Sirius from August 2013, drawn by Satoshi Shiki.^[30] An additional spin-off based on the No Regrets visual novel was serialized in the shōjo manga magazine Aria, titled Attack on Titan: No Regrets (進撃の巨人 悔いなき選択Shingeki no Kyojin: Kuinaki Sentaku). It is written by Gun Snark and illustrated by Hikaru Suruga. It focuses on the origins of Captain Levi, one of the most prominent characters in the main series.^[31] A yonkoma spin-off, called Spoof on Titan (寸劇の巨人Sungeki no Kyojin, 'Titan Short Skits') and drawn by hounori, was released on Kodansha's Manga Box smartphone and tablet application from December 2013 to December 30, 2014, in both Japanese and English.^[32][33] A manga adaptation of Hiroshi Seko's Attack on Titan: Lost Girls novel, written and illustrated by Ryōsuke Fuji, began publication in Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine on August 9, 2015.^[34]

In North America, the series is published in English by Kodansha USA. They published the first volume on June 19, 2012,.^[35] The fifteenth was released on April 7, 2015.^[36] By July 2015, the manga had 2.5 million copies in circulation in North America.^[37] The first three spin-off manga have also been licensed by Kodansha USA, who published the first volume of each between March and June 2014.^[38][39] It announced its license to Spoof on Titan at the New York Comic Con in October 2015,^[40] and its acquisition of Lost Girls in March 2016.^[41]

Novels

A light novel series titled Attack on Titan: Before the Fall (進撃の巨人 Before the fall), written by Ryō Suzukaze and illustrated by Thores Shibamoto, began on April 1, 2011. Its story is set before the events of the manga and it was published by Kodansha in three volumes. While the first tells the story of Angel, the blacksmith who develops the first prototypes of the Vertical Maneuvering Equipment, and the following two follow a young man who was found as a baby in the stomach of a Titan. A second light novel series called Attack on Titan: Harsh Mistress of the City (進撃の巨人　隔絶都市の女王Shingeki no Kyojin Kakuzetsu Toshi no Joō), written by Ryō Kawakami and illustrated by Range Murata, was published between August 1, 2014, and May 1, 2015. Vertical released the novels in North America in 2014^[42][43][44] and 2015. A novel titled Attack on Titan: Lost Girls (進撃の巨人 Lost Girls),^[45] written by Hiroshi Seko, was published on December 9, 2014.^[46] It comprises three short stories featuring Mikasa and Annie Leonhart, titled 'Lost in the cruel world', 'Wall Sina, Goodbye', and 'Lost Girls'.^[47] It was also released in English by Vertical, in 2016.^[48]Garrison Girl: An Attack on Titan Novel, a novel created by American writer Rachel Aaron was published by Quirk Books on August 7, 2018.^[49] It is centered on Rosalie Dumarque, who defies her family to join military garrison.

Anime

An anime television series adaptation produced by Wit Studio (a subsidiary of IG Port) aired on MBS between April 7, 2013, and September 29, 2013,^[50] directed by Tetsurō Araki with Yūki Kaji starring as Eren, Yui Ishikawa voicing Mikasa and Marina Inoue as Armin.^{[51][52][53][54]} Both Funimation and Crunchyroll simulcast the series on their respective websites, and Funimation began releasing the series on North American home video in 2014.^[55][56] The first season was acquired for distribution in the UK by Manga Entertainment,^[57] with season 2 handled by Sony Pictures UK. Madman Entertainment acquired the show for distribution in Australia and New Zealand, and streamed the series on Madman Screening Room and AnimeLab.^[58][59] The final episode was also aired in Japanese theaters.^[60] The anime had some production issues with needing more animators with Wit Studios' character designer, Kyoji Asano tweeting and looking for active animators to work on the anime.^[61] An OVA version of the 'Ilse's Notebook' special chapter from tankōbon volume 5 was originally scheduled to be released on August 9, 2013, bundled with the volume 11 limited edition, but was postponed and included with a limited edition of volume 12, released on December 9, 2013, instead.^[62] The OVA was bundled on subtitled DVD with the English limited edition release of the 17th manga volume, released on December 1, 2015.^[63] A second OVA was released on April 9, 2014, bundled with the 13th volume of the series, this one focused on the members of the 104th Training Corps.^[64] Two additional OVA episodes, based on the Attack on Titan: No Regrets prequel manga, were bundled with the 15th and 16th volumes of the main series, released on December 9, 2014, and April 9, 2015, respectively.^[65] The anime previously aired on Adult Swim's Toonami block.^[66] In Australia, the anime aired on SBS 2 on Tuesdays, in Japanese with English subtitles, with the first episode having aired on September 30.^[67]

The anime was compiled into two animated theatrical films with new voice acting from the same cast. The first film Attack on Titan – Part 1: Crimson Bow and Arrow (「進撃の巨人」前編～紅蓮の弓矢～Shingeki no Kyojin Zenpen ~Guren no Yumiya~) covers the first 13 episodes and was released on November 22, 2014, while the second film Attack on Titan – Part 2: Wings of Freedom (「進撃の巨人」後編～自由の翼～Shingeki no Kyojin Kōhen ~Jiyū no Tsubasa~) adapts the remaining episodes and adds new opening and ending footage.^[68] It was released on June 27, 2015.^[69][70] A rebroadcast of the first season was aired from January 9, 2016 on NHK's BS Premium channel.^[71] The compilation films were also broadcast in January 2017 on MBS.^[72]

A second season of the anime series was announced on the opening day of the first theatrical film, which was originally set to be released in 2016.^[73] It was then confirmed in the January 2017 issue of the Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine that the second season would premiere in April 2017.^[74] Masashi Koizuka directed the second season, with Araki acting as chief director.^[75] It has also been licensed by Funimation.^[76] It ran for 12 episodes.^[77]

An anime television adaptation of the Attack on Titan: Junior High manga spin-off began airing in October 2015. The series was directed by Yoshihide Ibata at Production I.G, with series composition by Midori Gotou, character design by Yuuko Yahiro, and music by Asami Tachibana.^[78] Linked Horizon performed the opening theme 'Youth Like Fireworks'.^[79] The ending theme, 'Ground's Counterattack' ('Hangeki no Daichi'), is performed by the voice actors for Eren, Mikasa, and Jean.^[80] A rebroadcast of the series was aired during January 2016.^[81]

The second season of the anime series premiered between April 1, 2017, and June 17, 2017. The season premiere was simulcast on Funimation, Crunchyroll, and the former's VRV channel at 10:30 AM EST.^[82] That same day, it was also announced that the second season of Attack on Titan would premiere on Toonami on April 29.^[83] It was subsequently announced on April 3 that the second season would premiere one week earlier, on April 22 instead.^[84]

Following the broadcast of the second season's last episode, a third season was announced.^[85] It premiered on NHK General TV in July 2018;^[86][87] however, it will not be broadcast on MBS and other UHF channels.

A three part OVA of Attack on Titan: Lost Girls was released in 2017 and 2018 with the limited editions of volumes 24, 25, and 26.^[88]

A third compilation film was announced alongside the release date of the anime series' third season at the 'Shingeki no Kyojin' Reading & Live Event Orchestra 'Attack Oto Taikan 2' event, titled Attack on Titan: The Roar of Awakening (「進撃の巨人」 ～覚醒の咆哮～Shingeki no Kyojin ~Kakusei no Hōkō~). The film recapped the events of the anime series' second season and was released on January 13, 2018.^[89]

A trailer for the third season was released on April 27, 2018.^[90] Funimation announced that they would air the worldwide premiere of the first episode at Anime Expo on July 8, 2018.^[91] They also announced that the first episode would air in theaters in the US and Canada alongside Attack on Titan: Roar of Awakening on July 10, 2018.^[92] The series' third season aired in Japan on July 23, 2018, with its first part running to October 15, 2018.^[93] Part 2 of the series' third season aired from April 29 to July 1, 2019.^[94][95]

Hajime Isayama, the original manga's author and illustrator, works closely with the animators to ensure faithfulness to the story and gives suggestions, as well. In 2018, it was revealed that Isayama regretted doing a certain part of the manga in a certain way, so he personally requested the animation studio to make some changes in the anime. The studio honored this wish, resulting in the first Part of Season 3 being a little different from the corresponding manga chapters.^[96][97][98]

Upon the airing of the final episode of the third season on July 1, 2019, it was announced that the fourth and final season of the anime series is scheduled for a Q4 2020 release on NHK General.^[99]

Video games

• There have been four video game adaptations of Attack on Titan developed by Nitroplus staffers in collaboration with Production I.G.^[100] Nitroplus clarified that the studio as a company is not involved in the Attack on TitanBlu-ray Disc games, while individual staffers are. The games are visual novels and were included in the first copies of the third and sixth Blu-ray Disc volumes of the anime. The games cover spin-off stories about the characters of Attack on Titan. Isayama supervised the development of the games.^[101]
• The third Blu-ray volume was released on September 18 with Seko's Lost in the Cruel World visual novel about Mikasa, and a preview of Gun Snark's No Regrets (悔いなき選択Kuinaki Sentaku, lit. 'A Choice with No Regrets').^[102] The sixth Blu-ray volume was released on December 18 with the full version of No Regrets about Levi and Erwin's past, Jin Haganeya's visual novel In the Forest of the Night, Burning Bright about Eren and Levi, and Seko's Wall Sina, Goodbye visual novel about Annie.^[102]
• An action game, titled Attack on Titan: Humanity in Chains (進撃の巨人 ～反撃の翼～Shingeki no Kyojin ~Hangeki no Tsubasa~, subtitle lit. 'Wings of Counterattack'), was developed by Spike Chunsoft for the Nintendo 3DS and released in Japan on December 5, 2013, North America on May 12, 2015, and Europe on July 2, 2015.^{[103][104][105]}
• A smartphone social game, titled Attack on Titan: Howl Toward Freedom (Shingeki no Kyojin ~Jiyū e no Hōkō~) is in development by Mobage for iOS and Android platforms. In the game, players play as a character who has been exiled from Wall Rose. Players must build and fortify a town outside the wall and expand it by manufacturing items as well as using Titans and exploiting resources from other players.^[106]
• A set of Attack on Titan costumes was added to Dead or Alive 5 Last Round in July 2016, alongside a playable arena based on Wall Rose during an attack by the Colossal Titan.^[107]
• Additionally, Attack on Titan gameplay and merchandise has been featured in a crossover event with Nexon MMORPG MapleStory in its Japanese and GMS versions.^[108]
• Another game, Attack on Titan, for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Vita, published by Koei Tecmo and developed by Omega Force, was announced at Gamescom 2015.^[109][110] It was released on February 18, 2016 in Japan.^[111] Later was confirmed to be released worldwide along with PC and Xbox One versions.^[112]
• Capcom were developing an Attack on Titan arcade game named Shingeki no Kyojin: Team Battle,^[113] but the development was frozen by 2018.
• Attack on Titan: Escape from Certain Death was announced to be in development for the Nintendo 3DS in Famitsu magazine in October 2016. The game was initially supposed to be launched on March 30, 2017 but was later postponed to May 11, 2017.^[114]
• Attack on Titan 2: Future Coordinates was released on November 30, 2017, in Japan.^[115][116]
• A sequel game to Koei Tecmo's Attack on Titan, Attack on Titan 2, was announced in August 2017 and released in March 2018.^[117]
• An expansion for Attack on Titan 2, Attack on Titan 2: Final Battle was released in Japan on July 4, 2019, and in North America and Europe on July 5, and is available on PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One (with Xbox One X support), and on PC through Steam.^[118]
• An Attack on Titan mobile game was announced for release on iOS and Android devices at the end of 2016 but was later delayed. In May 2018, it was announced that the mobile game has been titled Attack on Titan: Assault. The game was released on June 16, 2019, developed by GameSamba.^[119]

Live-action

A live-action film was announced to be in production in October 2011.^[120] In December 2012, it was reported that Tetsuya Nakashima left his position as director. According to film distributor Toho, Nakashima had considerable creative differences on the scriptwriting and other matters.^{[121][122][123]} In December 2013, Shinji Higuchi was revealed to be directing, and would also be responsible with the special effects. Writer Yūsuke Watanabe and critic/subculture expert Tomohiro Machiyama were announced to be scripting the movie with series creator Isayama.^[124][125] In July 2014, it was revealed that two films will be released in the summer of 2015. It was also revealed that some major characters would be cut from the line up, most noticeably Levi Ackerman and Erwin Smith. A teaser trailer for the first live-action film was released in March 2015.^[126] The following month, Toho released the second trailer for the first film, and announced the second installment would be called Attack on Titan: End of the World.^[127] In June 2015, a third trailer for the first film was released, revealing the Three-Dimensional Maneuvering Gear, as well as confirming the film would be released in IMAX theaters in Japan.^[128]

A live-action miniseries, titled Shingeki no Kyojin: Hangeki no Noroshi (進撃の巨人 反撃の狼煙, 'Attack on Titan: Counter Rockets') and utilizing the same actors as the films, started streaming on NTT DoCoMo's online-video service dTV on August 15, 2015. The three episode series focuses on Zoë Hange and her research of the Titans, as well as how the Vertical Maneuvering Equipment was created.^[129]

Deadline Hollywood reported on January 17, 2017, that Warner Bros. was in negotiations to secure the film rights to the Attack on Titan franchise. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them producer David Heyman would be on board to produce a proposed two-film project that would remake the 2015 Japanese live-action film adaptations.^[130] A day later, however, Kodansha representatives said there were no negotiations with Warner Bros.^[131] However, on October 29, 2018, it was revealed that Warner Bros. and Kodansha finalized a deal to produce a live action adaptation with It director Andy Muschietti signing on to direct the film.^[132]

A stage play titled LIVE IMPACT was announced on the wraparound jacket band on Volume 21.^[133] It was scheduled to run from July 28 to September 3, 2017.^[134] The stage play was cancelled after one of the staff members was involved in an accident.^[135][136]

Other media

Two guidebooks to the manga titled Inside and Outside were released on April 9 and September 9, 2013, featuring concept art, character profiles and interviews.^[137][138] They were combined into one and released in North America on September 16, 2014, by Kodansha USA.^[139]

A 16-minute drama CD was created with the anime's staff and included in the January 2014 issue of Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine.^[140]

On November 3, 2014, American writer C. B. Cebulski revealed that a crossover between Attack on Titan and Marvel Comics was in the works.^[141] Cebulski scripts the scenario written by the original author Hajime Isayama. The one-shot crossover featured Spider-Man, the Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy facing off against several Titans, including the Colossal Titan, the Armored Titan, and the Female Titan on the streets of New York City.^[142] During Free Comic Book Day 2015, Marvel's Secret Wars preview included an 8-page presentation 'Attack on Avengers' by creator Hajime Isayama with art by Gerardo Sandoval.^[143] It was announced at the 2015 New York Comic-Con that an American comic book titled Attack on Titan Anthology will be published.^[144]

From January 23 to May 10, 2015, Universal Studios Japan hosted attractions based on Attack on Titan. 'The Real' Attack on Titan Experience features a life-size 15 meter tall Eren titan engaging a 14 meter tall female titan in combat. Other attractions include a ground level titan, which visitors can pose with.^[145] From May 31 to August 25, 2019, Universal Studios Japan is again set to host attractions for Attack on Titan as part of the 'Cool Japan' program, including 'immersive effects on a grand scale' according to editor Shintaro Kawakubo.^[146] On July 3, 2019, the NHK BS Premium television station program series Fuka Yomi Dokushokai (Reading Too Much Into the Series Book Club) featured a discussion of the Attack on Titan manga series. Attack on Titan is the first manga ever featured on the program.^[147]

Reception

Attack on Titan won the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category in 2011,^[148][149] was nominated for the 4th Manga Taishō Award and both the 16th and 18th annual Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize.^{[150][151][152]} The 2012 edition of Kono Manga ga Sugoi!, which surveys people in the manga and publishing industry, named Attack on Titan the eighth best manga series for male readers,^[153] while the 2014 edition named it the sixth best.^[154]Attack on Titan was the top favorite manga for Yomiuri Shimbun's Sugoi Japan Awards in 2015.^[155]Attack on Titan was the second highest selling manga series of 2013, with 15,933,801 copies sold in a single year.^[156] In April 2014, Oricon reported that 30 million volumes of the series have been sold.^[157] In the first half of 2014 it topped the chart, ending One Piece's five-year reign as the highest selling series in that period, with Isayama surprised about it and thanking the readers.^[158] By the end of the year, it was the second best selling manga with 11,728,368 copies sold.^[159] In 2015, the series sold 8,778,048 copies ranking third for the year,^[160] and 6,544,081 in 2016 for the fourth rank.^[161]Attack on Titan was the second best-selling manga of 2017 with sales of 6,622,781 copies, behind only One Piece.^[162] The manga's publisher, Kodansha, credits Attack on Titan for the company's first revenue increase in eighteen years.^[163] The anime is noted to have helped in boosting the series' sales while Mainichi Shimbun called it a 'once-in-a-decade hit.'^[164]

Six of the seven English volumes published in North America at the time charted on The New York Times Manga Best Seller list for the week of October 13, 2013,^[165] and volume one was on the list for 81 weeks straight.^[166] In June 2015, the first volume clocked in at its 100th week on the top 10 chart,^[167] having sold 2.5 million copies.^[168] It also currently holds the title of appearing on the list for a volume with 121 weeks.^[169] Volume one was also number one on Nielsen BookScan's list of top 20 graphic novels in American bookstores for October 2013,^[170] and for the month of September, the series had more volumes on the list than any other series.^[171] The Young Adult Library Services Association in the United States named the series one of its 'Great Graphic Novels for Teens' in 2013.^[172] Kodansha USA's English release won the 2014 Harvey Award for Best American Edition of Foreign Material.^[173]Attack on Titan was the only manga to be nominated for the 2015 Goodreads Choice Award for Best Graphic Novel/Comic.^[174]

Many have analyzed Attack on Titan as representing 'the hopelessness felt by young people in today's society.'^[2] while writer Mao Yamawaki called it a 'coming-of-age story of the boys and girls at its core,' with a new mystery every episode. It is these mysteries that critic Tomofusa Kure says amplifies readers' expectations. The artwork of the manga has been criticized as crude by some reviewers, with Isayama himself admitting his drawings are 'amateurish.' However, those same critics stated that after years of serialization, the art has been improving, and Kure believes that had the illustrations been 'refined', it would not have conveyed the 'eeriness' that is a key characteristic of the work.^[2] In a short review, Jason Thompson noted how the characters conveniently receive 'power-ups' to create plot twists, but concluded that these said plot twists and the manga's post-apocalyptic world are 'too good to miss.'^[175]

Political interpretations

The series has gained a strong popularity not only in Japan, but also throughout the world. For instance, coverage of the anime appeared on the front page of the Hong Kong free newspaper am730 on May 27, 2013, concerning its popularity within Hong Kong as well as in Mainland China and Taiwan.^[176] The series also attracted criticism: the South KoreanElectronic Times magazine accused Attack on Titan of having a militaristic message that serves Japanese Prime MinisterShinzō Abe's political leanings,^[177] while the series also resonated with Hong Kong youths who saw the invading Titans as a metaphor for Mainland China.^[176] Hong Kong media commentator Wong Yeung-tat praised Isayama's style and the versatility of Attack on Titan's setting, which opens itself to readers' various interpretations.^[178] In 2013, after media linked to a 2010 blog post by Isayama indicating that the design of the character Dot Pixis was based on the Imperial Japanese General Akiyama Yoshifuru, an Internet flame war about the general's war record (e.g. allowing the Port Arthur massacre to occur) ensued on his blog and included death threats to the author. As many of the threats written in Japanese had grammatical errors, it is believed that they were written by non-native speakers of Japanese.^[179]

China ban

On June 12, 2015, the Chinese Ministry of Culture forbade distribution of Attack on Titan along with 38 other anime and manga titles which were deemed to 'include scenes of violence, pornography, terrorism and crimes against public morality that could potentially incite minors to commit such acts.'^[180]

Notes

1. ^Although Funimation holds the master license to the series in Australasia, the British Isles, and North America, Funimation only directly handles distribution in North America. Madman Entertainment distributes the series in Australasia, and Manga Entertainment (Seasons 1 and 3) and Sony Pictures UK (Season 2) distributes the series in the British Isles.

Shingeki No Kyojin Episode List

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External links

• Official manga website(in Japanese)
• Official anime website(in Japanese)
• Attack on Titan at Kodansha Comics
• Attack on Titan at Funimation
• Attack on Titan on IMDb
• Attack on Titan at Rotten Tomatoes
• Attack on Titan (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia

Attack on Titan (進撃の巨人Shingeki no Kyojin) is a Japanese fantasyanimetelevision series adapted from the manga of the same name by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a world where humanity lives inside cities surrounded by enormous walls due to the Titans, gigantic humanoid beings who devour humans seemingly without reason. The story follows the adventures of Eren Yeager, his friends Mikasa Ackerman, Armin Arlert, whose lives are changed forever after a Colossal Titan breaches the wall of their home town. Vowing revenge and to reclaim the world from the Titans, Eren and his friends join the Scout Regiment,^[5] an elite group of soldiers who fight Titans.

Produced by IG Port's Wit Studio and directed by Tetsurō Araki, Attack on Titan was broadcast on the Mainichi Broadcasting System from April 7 to September 29, 2013, and later aired on Tokyo MX, FBS, TOS, HTB, TV Aichi and BS11.^[6] Both Funimation and Crunchyroll have streamed the series with subtitles on their respective websites.^[7][8] Funimation has also licensed the anime for home video release in 2014.^[9] Episode 1 of the English version premiered at Anime Boston,^[10] with other episodes put on Funimation's subscription services.^[11] On television of the series has broadcast weekly on Adult Swim's Toonami block on May 3, 2014, starting at 11:30 p.m. EST.^[12]

From episode 1 to 13, the anime's opening theme song is 'Feuerroter Pfeil und Bogen' (紅蓮の弓矢Guren no Yumiya, lit. 'Crimson Bow and Arrow') by Linked Horizon and the ending theme song is 'Utsukushiki Zankoku na Sekai' (美しき残酷な世界, lit. 'A Beautiful Cruel World') by Yōko Hikasa. From episode 14 to 25, the anime's opening theme song is 'Die Flügel der Freiheit' (自由の翼Jiyū no Tsubasa, lit. 'The Wings of Freedom') by Linked Horizon and the ending theme song is 'great escape' by Cinema Staff. The opening themes were collected on Linked Horizon's single 'Jiyū e no Shingeki' which sold over 100 thousand copies in its first week of sales.^[13]

A second season aired from April 1 to June 17, 2017, on MBS and other television networks.^[14] Funimation and Crunchyroll streamed the second season on their respective websites, while Adult Swim aired a dubbed version.^[15] The opening theme song is 'Opfert eure Herzen!' (心臓を捧げよ！Shinzō o Sasageyo!, lit. 'Dedicate Your Hearts!') by Linked Horizon and the ending theme song is 'Yūgure no Tori' (夕暮れの鳥) by Shinsei Kamattechan.^[16]

On June 17, 2017, a third season was announced at the close of the second season's final episode, with a release date slated for July 23, 2018.^[17] A trailer for the third season was released on April 27, 2018. After 12 episodes, Season 3 was confirmed to be in hiatus until it returned with the remaining ten episodes on April 29, 2019.^[18][19] Adult Swim is scheduled to air the English version of the third season, starting on August 18, 2018.^[20] The first opening theme for the third season is 'Red Swan' by Yoshiki featuring Hyde,^[21] and the ending theme song is 'Akatsuki no Requiem' (暁の鎮魂歌Akatsuki no Chinkonka, lit. 'Daybreak Requiem') by Linked Horizon.^[22] The second opening 'Shoukei to Shikabane no Michi' (憧憬と屍の道, lit. 'The Path of Longing and Corpses') is performed by Linked Horizon and the second ending theme 'Name of Love' is performed by Cinema Staff.

Upon the airing of the final episode of the third season on July 1, 2019, it was announced that the fourth season of the anime series was scheduled for a Q4 2020 release on NHK General.^[23] The fourth season is described as the 'final season' of the anime series.^[24]

• 2Episodes
• 3Special episodes
• 4Music
  • 4.1First season
  • 4.2Second season
  • 4.3Third season
• 5Reception

Series overview[edit]

Episodes[edit]

Each episode contains one or two panels entitled 'Information Available for Public Disclosure' presenting data about human society or the Titans.

Season 1 (2013)[edit]

Season 2 (2017)[edit]

Season 3 (2018–19)[edit]

Special episodes[edit]

OVA episodes[edit]

The following bonus original video animation episodes were released alongside select volumes of the manga.^[35]

Bonus shorts[edit]

Chibi Theater: Fly, Cadets, Fly! (ちみキャラ劇場 とんでけ！訓練兵団Chimi Kyara Gekijō – Tondeke! Kunren Heidan) is a series of flash animated gag shorts included with the Blu-ray Disc/DVD releases of the first season, featuring the characters in chibi form based on designs by Yuupon.^{[citation needed]}

Music[edit]

First season[edit]

In the first season, for the first thirteen episodes, the opening theme is 'Guren no Yumiya' (紅蓮の弓矢, lit. 'Crimson Bow and Arrow', styled in German as 'Feuerroter Pfeil und Bogen') by Linked Horizon, and the ending theme is 'Utsukushiki Zankoku na Sekai' (美しき残酷な世界, lit. 'This Beautiful Cruel World') by Yōko Hikasa. For episodes 14–25, the opening theme is 'Jiyū no Tsubasa' (自由の翼, lit. 'Wings of Freedom', styled in German as 'Die Flügel der Freiheit') by Linked Horizon, and the ending theme is 'great escape' by Cinema Staff. Both 'Guren no Yumiya' and 'Jiyū no Tsubasa' were released as part of the single 'Jiyū e no Shingeki' on July 10, 2013.^[36][37]

The series' soundtrack was composed by Hiroyuki Sawano, and the first CD was released on June 28, 2013, by Pony Canyon.^[38] The first CD contains 16 tracks, with 6 vocal tracks featuring performances by Mika Kobayashi, mpi, Cyua, Aimee Blackschleger and CASG. The second CD containing the other half of the soundtrack was released on October 16, 2013, as a bonus offered with the fourth Blu-ray and DVD limited edition volumes of the anime.^[39]

Track listing[edit]

All music is composed by Hiroyuki Sawano.

Second season[edit]

The opening theme is 'Shinzou wo Sasageyo!' (心臓を捧げよう!, lit. 'Dedicate your Heart!', styled in German as 'Opfert eure Herzen!') by Linked Horizon,^[40] and the ending theme is 'Yuugure no Tori' (夕暮れの鳥, lit. 'Bird at Dusk') by Shinsei Kamattechan.^[41]

Sawano returned to compose the soundtrack for the second season, with the 2-CD soundtrack released on June 7, 2017, by Pony Canyon.^[42]

Track listing[edit]

All music is composed by Hiroyuki Sawano.

Third season[edit]

The opening theme song is 'Red Swan' by Yoshiki feat. Hyde,^[43] while the ending theme is 'Akatsuki no Requiem' (暁の鎮魂歌Akatsuki no Chinkonka, lit. 'Daybreak Requiem') by Linked Horizon.^[44] The second opening theme is 'Shoukei to Shikabane no Michi' (憧憬と屍の道, lit. 'The Path of Longing and Corpses') by Linked Horizon, and the second ending theme is 'Name of Love' by Cinema Staff.^[45]

Sawano once again returned as composer. The soundtrack was released on June 26, 2019.

Track listing[edit]

All music is composed by Hiroyuki Sawano.

Anime films[edit]

For the first compilation film, Attack on Titan – Part 1: Crimson Bow and Arrow, the ending themes were 'YAMANAIAME' (lit. 'Unstoppable Rain') by Hiroyuki Sawano feat. Mika Kobayashi, Mica Caldito & mpi and 'Guren no Zahyou' (紅蓮の座標, lit. 'Crimson Coordinate') by Linked Horizon.^[46] For the second compilation film, Attack on Titan – Part 2: Wings of Freedom, the ending themes was 'theDOGS' by Hiroyuki Sawano feat. mpi.^[47] The film's theme song was 'Jiyuu no Daishou' (自由の代償) by Linked Horizon.^[48] The third compilation film is Attack on Titan – Part 3: The Roar of Awakening.

Reception[edit]

Sales and accolades[edit]

The anime series has been successful in Japan, with average sales of 52,067 across 9 volumes, with a total of 468,603 as of August 2016.^[49] It was the number one selling TV anime of 2013 in Japan^[50] and is currently the eighth best selling anime of 2010's.^[51] It has also been very successful in the U.S. with sales of at least 200,000.^[52] It was also the number one streaming anime from Funimation in 2014^[53] and the number one fan favorite Funimation home video released of 2014.^[54] The anime adaptation won multiple prizes during the 3rd Newtype Anime Awards, including Best Director, Best Script, Best Soundtrack, Best Theme Song, Top Female Character and Title of the Year.^[55] It received the award for Best TV Animation at the 2013 Animation Kobe Awards.^[56] It received the award for Animation of the Year at the 2014 Tokyo Anime Award, along with, Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Music.^[57] It won the 2013 Digital Contents of the Year Award at Japan's 19th annual Association of Media in Digital (AMD) Awards.^[58]

Critical response[edit]

The three seasons of Attack On Titan were met with overwhelming acclaim with praise for the storyline, writing, animation, action sequences, characters, and dub performances, though some criticized its dark tone. Carl Kimlinger from Anime News Network was sharply critical of the first two episodes of the anime adaptation. He did praise the show for 'making giants freaky again', but added that 'bringing back the terror of the fee-fi-fo-fum set does not a good show make'. Kimlinger criticized Araki's direction, saying he 'clearly intends it to be powerful and unsettling, but it's just crude and unpleasant.'^[59] However, other critics from Anime News Network praised much of the series. Rebecca Silverman said it 'is both gorgeous and appalling in its visuals', and 'an excellent mix of what 18th century Gothic novelist Ann Radcliffe defined as horror versus terror: the one is physical, making you want to look away, and the other is intellectual, making you want to know what's going to happen next.'^[60] Carlo Santos noted that 'few [apocalyptic action shows] get as close to perfection as Attack on Titan does'. Santos described it as 'a masterpiece of death and destruction' after watching only the first episode.^[61] Theron Martin of Anime News Network praised the musical score and the 'intense, impactful first episode' despite his feeling that it has 'limited animation'. Martin also compared Attack on Titan's vibe and visual aesthetic to Claymore.^[62]

John Sinnott of DVD Talk called the series one of the best ones he has ever watched and one 'that anime fans should not miss.'^[63] Maya Phillips of New York magazine and Vulture praised the uniqueness of the series as she states, 'In our current age of terrifying dystopian realities, it's hard to find a dystopian show with something new to deliver - and yet here it is.'^[64] As for Phelim O'Neill of The Guardian, he praised the animation of the series as 'Spellbinding... It's all wonderfully acrobatic and intense.'^[65] Regarding the climactic episodes of the third season's second half, Manga.Tokyo called Isayama a 'genius' for the way Attack on Titan handled the revelation about the Grisha's past linked the events with the beginning of the story of the manga.^[66]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^Funimation screened the episode in North American theatres on July 11, 2018.^[29]
2. ^Episode 40 was delayed due to Adult Swim airing a My Hero Academia marathon on September 1, 2018.^[30]
3. ^Starting from Episode 43, Attack on Titan moved to 12:00 A.M. EST, effectively airing on September 30, 2018.^[31]
4. ^Due to NHK's news coverage of Typhoon Trami, episode 11 of season 3 was delayed by a week to October 8, 2018.^[32]
5. ^Episode 58 of Attack on Titan aired at 12:00 A.M. EST, effectively airing on July 21, 2018.

References[edit]

Sources

• 'Japanese dates'. Tokyo MX (in Japanese).
• 'List of Attack on Titan episode titles'. Shingeki.tv (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 17, 2013.
• 'Attack of Titan Anime Episodes'. Funimation.

References

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External links[edit]

• Official website(in Japanese)
• Attack on Titan on IMDb
• Attack on Titan (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
• Attack on Titan at Funimation
• Attack on Titan at Rotten Tomatoes